Ontario Grade 9 Science Class Practice Exam 2025 - Free Grade 9 Science Practice Questions and Study Guide

A wave is characterized primarily by its amplitude, frequency, and wavelength, which are fundamental properties that define its behavior and effects.

Amplitude refers to the maximum displacement of points on a wave from its rest position, indicating how much energy the wave carries. The greater the amplitude, the more energy the wave transmits.

Frequency is the number of cycles of the wave that pass a given point per unit of time, usually measured in hertz (Hz). It determines the pitch of sound waves, for instance; higher frequencies correspond to higher pitches.

Wavelength is the distance between consecutive points that are in phase on the wave, such as from crest to crest or trough to trough. It is inversely related to frequency: as frequency increases, the wavelength decreases, affecting how waves interact with one another and the medium through which they travel.

These three characteristics work together to define the nature of waves in various contexts, including sound, light, and water waves, making this choice the most accurate representation of wave properties.